Contemporary Psychology & Psychometrics
Contemporary Psychology & Psychometrics
People with ENFP (extraverted, intuitive, feeling, perceiving) personality types are often described as enthusiastic, charismatic and independent.
ENFP: The Champion | Jungian Personality Type 5 Read article
People with ESTJ (extraverted, sensing, thinking, judging) personality types are often described as logical, take-charge kinds of people.
ESTJ: The Director | Jungian Personality Type 4 Read article
People with ESTP (extraverted, sensing, thinking, perceiving) personality types are often described as outgoing, action-oriented, and dramatic.
ESTP: The Persuader | Jungian Personality Type 3 Read article
People with ESFJ (extraverted, sensing, feeling, judging) personality types are often described as outgoing, loyal, organized, and tender-hearted.
ESFJ: The Caregiver | Jungian Personality Type 2 Read article
People with ESFP (extraverted, sensing, feeling, perceiving) personality types are often described as spontaneous, resourceful, and outgoing.
ESFP: The Performer | Jungian Personality Type 1 Read article
In this article you will read about: Agreeableness is one of the five personality traits of the Big Five personality theory. The other measured personality traits are Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Openness to experience and Extraversion. A
Study suggests that Personality can Change Through Interventions Read article
The word “agape” comes from the Ancient Greek term “ἀγάπη,” which refers to selfless love. Psychologist John Alan Lee defined agape as a kind of love where the lover gives without expecting anything in return, viewing it as their responsibility. This love is typically associated with older, emotionally mature individuals who prioritize logic and intention over emotion and attraction. Agape is a blend of both Storge and Eros. People who practice Agapic love see their significant others as precious gifts and strive to care for them. They find more joy in giving than receiving in a relationship, and remain loyal to their partners to avoid causing them any hurt. To embody Agapic love, one must possess qualities like forgiveness, patience, understanding, loyalty, and the willingness to make sacrifices for their partner. While Agapic lovers believe in unconditional love, they may neglect their own needs, leading to potential drawbacks. Although Agapic love comes with the benefit of generosity, it can also cause feelings of guilt or inadequacy in a partner, and may even lead to being taken advantage of.
Mania is derived from the Ancient Greek term μανία, meaning “mental disorder”, from which the term “manic” is derived. Lee defines Manic love as flowing out of a desire to hold one’s partner in high esteem and wanting to love and be loved in this way, seeing specialness in the interaction. This type of love tends to lead a partner into a type of madness and obsessiveness. Manic lovers speak of their partners with possessives and superlatives, and they feel that they “need” their partners. Oftentimes, manic individuals are attracted to individuals who have low self-esteem and a weak self-concept. This kind of love is expressed as a means of rescue, or reinforcement of value. Manic lovers value finding a partner through chance without prior knowledge of their financial status, education, background, or personality traits. Insufficient expression of Manic love by one’s partner can cause one to perceive the partner as aloof, materialistic, and detached. In excess, mania becomes obsession or codependency, and obsessed manic lovers can thus come across as being very possessive and jealous.
Pragma comes from the Ancient Greek term πρᾶγμα, meaning ‘businesslike‘, from which terms like pragmatic are derived. Pragma is the most practical type of love, not necessarily derived from true romantic love. Instead, pragma is a convenient type of love. Pragmatic lovers have a notion of being of service, which they perceive to be rational and realistic. While they may be sincere about being useful themselves, it also translates to having expectations of a partner and of the relationship. They tend to select and reject partners based on what they perceive as desirable, compatible traits.
Pragmatic lovers want to find value in their partners and ultimately want to work with their partners to reach a common goal. The practicality and realism of practical love often contribute to the relationship’s longevity as long as common goals and values remain shared. The emphasis within pragmatic relationships is on earning, affordability, child care, and home service. The attitude of a pragmatic relationship can become disdainful and toxic if one partner sees the other as a burden.
Ludus means “game” or “school” in Latin. The term is often used to describe those who see love as a desire to have fun, do indoor and outdoor activities, tease, indulge, and play harmless pranks on each other. The acquisition of love and attention itself may be part of the game.
Ludic lovers want to have as much fun as possible. When they are not seeking a stable relationship, they rarely or never become overly involved with one partner and often can have more than one partner at a time; in other words, a school of partners. They do not reveal their true thoughts and feelings to their partner(s).
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